Understanding Dementia

Recognising early signs of Dementia and getting a proper diagnosis

Dementia often starts with subtle changes that may seem like normal ageing. However, recognising these early signs can lead to timely diagnosis and better management.

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) has created short films featuring real-life stories of caregivers and experts. These highlight the early signs, diagnosis, and Dementia care strategies. Watching these videos can provide valuable insights into managing dementia with compassion and expertise.

Early Symptoms to Look Out For

  • Memory lapses – Forgetting recent events, names, or appointments.
  • Difficulty in daily tasks – Struggling with familiar activities like following a recipe or managing finances.
  • Confusion – Losing track of dates, time, or places.
  • Communication issues – Trouble finding the right words or following conversations.
  • Mood or behaviour changes – Increased irritability, withdrawal from social activities, or unexplained mood swings.

If you notice these symptoms in yourself or a loved one, consult a healthcare professional. Diagnosis may involve cognitive tests, brain imaging, and lifestyle assessments to understand the progression better.

Watch this video for a deeper dive into dementia symptoms and the diagnostic process:


First Steps to Treatment

While dementia is not curable, early intervention can slow progression and improve quality of life.

Here’s what you can do after a diagnosis:

1. Medical Consultation & Testing

  • Work with a doctor to determine the type and stage of dementia.
  • Undergo cognitive tests, blood work, and imaging scans to rule out other causes.
  • Discuss potential medications that may help manage symptoms, such as cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine.

2. Lifestyle Adjustments

  • Encourage a balanced diet rich in brain-friendly nutrients (omega-3s, antioxidants).
  • Establish a daily routine to create stability and reduce anxiety.
  • Incorporate gentle physical activity like walking or stretching to support overall well-being.

3. Cognitive & Emotional Support

  • Engage in mentally stimulating activities such as puzzles, reading, or music therapy.
  • Consider professional counselling to help both the patient and caregivers navigate emotional challenges.
  • Join dementia support groups for shared experiences and guidance.

đź“ş Explore the first steps to treatment in this video: YouTube Link


Managing the Condition: Daily Strategies

1. Establish a Daily Routine

  • Keep a consistent schedule for meals, medication, and activities to reduce confusion.
  • Use visual aids like calendars, clocks, and labels to reinforce memory.

2. Simplify Communication

  • Speak slowly and clearly, using simple sentences.
  • Give one-step instructions to make tasks easier.
  • Use visual cues or gestures when words are difficult to follow.

3. Ensure a Safe Environment

  • Remove hazards like loose rugs or clutter to prevent falls.
  • Install grab bars in bathrooms and ensure adequate lighting.
  • Use GPS trackers or identification bracelets in case of wandering.

4. Support Emotional Well-being

  • Encourage social interaction through visits, music, or familiar activities.
  • Validate feelings rather than correcting mistakes to reduce frustration.
  • Engage in reminiscence therapy using old photos or music.

5. Manage Behavioural Changes

  • Identify triggers for agitation or aggression and redirect focus.
  • Use soothing music, sensory activities, or light exercises to reduce restlessness.
  • Seek professional guidance for severe behavioural symptoms.

6. Caregiver Support & Respite

  • Join dementia support groups for shared experiences and emotional relief.
  • Take breaks and seek respite care to avoid caregiver burnout.
  • Consult healthcare professionals for evolving care needs.

Addressing Physical Pain in Dementia Care

People with dementia may struggle to express pain, which can lead to agitation, withdrawal, or restlessness. Caregivers should look for subtle signs like grimacing, changes in appetite, or trouble sleeping.

Ways to Alleviate Discomfort:

  • Create a calming routine – A structured daily schedule can reduce anxiety and physical tension.
  • Introduce soothing practices – Gentle massages, aromatherapy, or soft music can promote relaxation.
  • Encourage light physical activity – Regular movement keeps muscles and joints active, reducing stiffness and pain.
  • Consult a doctor – If pain is suspected, seek medical advice to address underlying issues like arthritis or infections.

Learn more about pain management in dementia patients:


Takeaway

Early detection and proactive management are key to improving the quality of life for individuals with dementia. Recognising symptoms, seeking timely diagnosis, and making lifestyle adjustments can slow progression and support cognitive well-being. Caregivers play a vital role in ensuring emotional and physical comfort, making a strong support system essential.

By taking small yet impactful steps—like staying mentally active, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and addressing physical discomfort—we can enhance the daily lives of those affected.

Stay informed, seek help when needed, and remember—you’re not alone in this journey. Watch the videos linked above to learn more about dementia care and support.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a Dementia Care Helpline?

Yes, in India, you can contact the Dementia India Alliance National Dementia Support Line at +91 8585 990 990 (available Monday-Saturday, 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM). Y

What’s the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer’s?

Dementia is an umbrella term for cognitive decline, while Alzheimer’s is its most common type.

At what age can Dementia start?

Mostly after 65, but early-onset dementia can begin anytime between 40s or 50s.

How common is Dementia in India?

Over 8.8 million people in India live with dementia.

Is Dementia reversible?

Most types aren’t, but some caused by vitamin deficiencies or infections can be treated.

Does memory loss always mean Dementia?

No, occasional forgetfulness is normal. Persistent memory issues should be checked.

Can lifestyle changes reduce Dementia risk?

Yes! Regular exercise, a healthy diet, mental stimulation, and social engagement help.

Does Dementia cause physical symptoms?

Yes, like difficulty walking, poor coordination, and weight loss in later stages.

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